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Spanish galleons and pirates Jewish I. .. Give

March 31, 1492, in 'aftermath of the fall of Granada, their great victory against the Moors, who concludes the Reconquista, the Catholic kings very [1] of Spain, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella Castilla, sign the decree the Alhambra (formally remained in force until 1967) ordering the Jews of Castile and Aragon to choose between exile and conversion to Christianity.

July 31, 1492, deadline, the Jews left the country by hundreds of thousands, tens of thousands were persecuted and killed by the Inquisition, tens of thousands choose baptism - which does not always sufficient to ensure their salvation ...

*

What about the horror of the trauma, the overflow of the psyche s'farad overwhelmed by a flood in which nothing works? Benchmarks scanned, the princes of the Jewish nation, so in court yesterday, suddenly removed, the doctors of the law is uncertain when they do not choose the conversion and the persecution of the camp, as did a century Abner Burgos early ( ca 1270 - ca 1347), became a physician and Talmudic scholar Alfonso Sacristan in Valladolid, the heads of families deprived of authority, their son model, the triumph of informers and offenders - young and old, free expression jealousy, envy and resentment, the fear that chilled those who are forced to no longer observe the Commandments which they believe that their observance depends the maintenance of the World, or to do as best they could, hiding and distrustful of everyone, starting with the family, discovering that the world does not collapse, that pretend to have become like the others, homogenized, eating pork, cooking ostensibly the lamb in its mother's milk and consuming it, do not cause disaster ...

One day, they would understand the teaching of Maimonides (1135-1204), furious that some took the Torah to a manual of magic, saying "The Torah is the soul, not for the body" .

One day, they would understand that the referent of Commandments is not the world but he who abides ("The Commandments were sent to man so that it improves ", said a sage of the Talmud), he never acted from the Sinai, to tame the forces obscure to operate (on) the real, but to articulate a symbolic or machine segmentation supported on a rational sense Imaginary plurivocal (stories and images accessible to all and "interpreted" according to the capacity of each) , so that even the "simple", the less inclined to abstraction, can be distinguished in all their guises and start early, day and night, holy and profane, true and right, etc.. In other words, can distinguish this from this failure. short, getting fit for trial - implying, of course, be wary of actively spontaneity (resisting to forbidden foods, banned unions and prohibited conduct) ...

One day, for many (most educated, most modern, Turkey and Egypt), they throw this Symbolic with Imagination "for granted" who had long supported and collapsed with the expulsion from Spain (roughly, the Torah as cautionary tale and predictive), and become "Marxist-nationalist." Others who stand to gain a richer understanding of the Commandments, that the belief that State would be required - At what price? After what torments? After how long? Still others, invent a mystical beautiful, refined, giving extra meaning to the Exile, a positive dimension [2] and moved to Safed ( High Galilee) ... But in this time of sway over me [3] , just dazed and urgency to save his skin!

*

The bulk of the exiles chose Turkey, where the Sultan Bayezid II the Just (known in the West under the name of Bajazet II) had agreed to take them (it will send its navy in Spain to recover some of the "candidates" initially), but also the Maghreb (especially Algeria, then under Ottoman rule). All things sadly well known (!).

Less known are the reactions of some of these exiles s'fardim which, while having a great nostalgia for the country that was born and its language, Castilian, they helped to establish the expense of Latin (and will continue to speak long as the Ladino or Judeo-English, even today), decided to halt their strong leakage of emotions and conduct on the seas of war against the kingdom ungrateful, finding a very old "inspiration", if we are to believe Josephus [4] : they are made pirates, following the example Smyrna Sinan, Sinan the Jew, born in 1480 into a family of English refugees, who, having lost an eye in a brawl in 1504, had covered a black band became iconic; Sinan Jew, a follower of the chase (he attacked the boats not to the inhabitants of the Mediterranean coast) that will eventually ally with the redoubtable Barbarossa brothers and even marry one of their sisters, Sinan, whose flag bore a six-pointed star (the "Seal of Solomon [5] ), Tunis will defend against Spain in 1551, destroy most of the English fleet in 1538 and capture Tripoli in 1551. He is buried in a Jewish cemetery in Albania [6] .

The story has begun to tell Edward Kritzler, not without a little romance in Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean [7] .

book in which he discussed, for example, rabbi Samuel Palache, son of R. Palache Isaac, born in Marrakech, the first Jew to settle, as such, in Amsterdam, which is obtained in 1608, the right of establishment for the Jews (but not for him), and built the first synagogue , Neve Shalom. In 1608, Ambassador The Hague by the Sultan of Morocco Moulay Zidan, it will negotiate the first treaty of alliance between a Christian State, The Netherlands, and an Islamic state in Morocco. In 1614, he assumed command of a small Moroccan fleet of several vessels that captures the king of Spain with Morocco, which was at war. And Samuel Palache be accused of piracy by the English ambassador to London and imprisoned by England - but does it make a pirate of the rabbi who is clearly not on his own? Acquitted, he will end his days in Holland, Prince Maurice of Nassau attending his funeral [8] .

More "authentic" pirate s'fardim move away from the Mediterranean and will travel in the New World - discovered by the alleged Marrano [9 ] Christophe Columbus [10] - like Moses Cohen Henriques, who helped plan a spectacular operation that hits long and will bring the imagination of the most considerable booty. In 1628, accompanied by Admiral Piet Hein of the West India Company, who had spent four years chained to a galley English Henriques takes over, off Cuba, the English ships en route to Europe, laden with gold and silver (an estimated one billion dollars today). Afterwards, Henriques, with a troupe of Jews and conversos , will sail to Brazil where he settled on an island that had been attached. When Portugal resume on Brazil, in 1654, he became an advisor to Henry Morgan - Morgan bloodthirsty pirate, to be knighted by Charles II of England as a reward for his actions against the Spaniards. Henriques was never caught, although its role in the " Turning "was known in Cuba, including the Inquisition [11] ...

- There are many Sephardic synagogues in the Caribbean (eg, St. Thomas, one of the Islands Virgin [12] ), and many Jewish graves found there to be those of known pirates. Thus, that of Yaakov Mashiach, buried in Barbados, has a skull and crossbones, like that of his wife [13] .

*

Other went even further, on the Pacific side, and with the distance legend has intensified ...

continued ...

Notes:

[1] The kings of France having already qualified as "very Christian", Pope Alexander VI had decided at the end of the Reconquista which corresponds to its accession to the throne of St Peter, to grant English monarchs as such, the perimeter smaller, with " compensation " - which could incite them to zeal. Indeed, Ferdinand and Isabella, soon "titles", declared that Spain should be more Catholic than Italy .. .

- Rodrigo Borja (1431-1503), nephew and adopted son of Pope Callistus III (Alfonso de Borja), Rodrigo Borgia became after his arrival in Italy, was pope under the name of Alexander VI from 1492 to 1503 - and under Pope rather scandalous Chapter mores. Vanozza Catanei young Roman patrician whom he met in 1470, after his ordination, will give him four children: John, Caesar, Lucrezia and Geoffrey ... From Wikipedia.

[2] Isaac Ashkenazi Luria (1534-1572), Kabbalist rabbi and a father born Ashkenazi died prematurely and his mother a Sephardic disciple Moses ben Jacob Cordovero (1522-1570), rabbi, philosopher, Kabbalist and English, teaches that the world came to be when God has "contracted" (exile itself to make it a site) that "vessels" designed to accommodate when the divine light of creation could not stand the shock and crashed, scattering sparks on the surface of the earth that the faults of men delay the coming of the Messiah; that the task of man is subject to the Commandments of "repairing the world" so that the Messiah could come there, to free those sparks wherever they are, or of the Exile. According to G. Scholem, The main currents of Jewish mystical , Paris, Payot, 1968.

Education not inconsistent with that of the Sages of the Talmud, for whom exile from the Holy Land, following the intervention of Rome, is due to the disunity of the Jewish people, jealousy and lust ...

[3] "Lord, Lord, merciful God, merciful, slow to anger, full of grace and fairness, which retains the grace to the thousandth generation, which supports the fault, rebellion and sin, and it does not exonerate innocent: he remembers the fault of the fathers upon the son, on grand son, the third and the fourth generation ... " Exodus 34, 6-7 (transl. from French Rabbinate) - emphasis added.

[4] Cf F. Josephus, Jewish Antiquities , 14, 43, when it comes to hackers Jews in John Hyrcanus and Aristobulus ( AC - 60).

[5] Seal of Solomon : magic ring that King Solomon would have possessed, according to several legends (Jewish, Christian and Muslim) medieval and which gave him the power to command demons and spirits, and talk with the animals ...

[6] Cf http://www.shoretechnology.com/Surgun_d.htm , Sinan "The Great Jew - Jewish Pirate , http://www.j-grit.com/adventurers-sinan-pirate.php ,

Jewish Pirates , Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_pirates

[7] Edward Kritzler, Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean - How a Generation of Swashbuckling Jews Carved Out an Empire in the New World in Their Quest for Treasure, Religious Freedom - and Revenge, Doubleday, 2006. - Title somewhat sensationalist, echoing the cinematic saga Pirates of the Caribbean (produced by Disney), which does not do justice to his subject, far beyond the Caribbean.

[8] Palache, Jewish Virtual Library,

: / / www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0015_0_15331.html

Edward Kritzler made a rather colorful portrait of Samuel Palache found a pirate and picturesque, a little portrait of a rabbi forced voluntary, diplomat and negotiator, who seemed more motivated by the well-being of its community buffeted by possible spoil ...

[9] Marrane: from English Marrano , pork - it must be remembered? Marrano is a pejorative designation used in ejectors. Jewish tradition does not know specifically of "Marranos" but falls into the category of Anousim (Forced), all Jews who at one time or another, were forced to abandon their "faith" for their lives.

[10] Discovery performed after an expedition financed not by the jewels of Isabella, as is a persistent legend, but Luis Santángel, converso , chancellor of the house Royal, Gabriel Sanchez, converso , treasurer of Aragon, and Isaac Abrabanel (1437-1508), rabbi, Talmudic scholar, Kabbalist, finance minister and advisor to King Alfonso V of Portugal, Ferdinand and Isabella and Ferdinand Spain, the Two Sicilies and the Republic of Venice ...

[11] Moses Henriques - Jewish Pirate http://www.j-grit.com/adventurers -moses-henriques.php

[12] Ariela Pelaia "Minyan On the High Seas", About.com: Judaism, June 8, 2009, http:// judaism.about.com/b/2009/06/08/minyan-on-the-high-seas.htm the

[13] Lilith Wagner, " Aaaargh, Jewish pirates" , Ynetnews, May 10, 2006, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0, 7340, L-3311329, 00.html

Illustration:

- Buenos Aires Copyright © Aain Zimeray.

- Suspended attention? Copyright © Aain Zimeray.

- Small Ship ... Copyright © Aain Zimeray.

- Cactus Flower ! Copyright © RZ.

English galleons and pirates Jewish I. .. © copyright 2010 Richard Zrehen

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trace of death or give death (2)

Within the field of thought, free field, in partnership with the Society of Philosophy Breton held in Rennes, in late January 2010, a series of lectures around the theme: "Thou shalt not kill."

Philippe Réfabert, psychoanalyst was reached Jan. 30. The second and final part of his presentation. RZ .

*

... the child has an opportunity to escape and capture a singularity son, s'intriquent position where continuity and discontinuity. It is one and the same time different and similar.

*

brings me to soul murder. Reducing the fundamental paradox is a possible definition of soul murder. She is the one I propose today. Reduction therefore, whether the parent formula instead to support, whether he means to the child by his actions and his words - there are words which are acts, is well known [1] - he denies the possibility of being like him or otherwise do not be like him, in which case he denies any duplicity: he wants and denounces "innocent."

Kafka's text entitled "The Verdict," Das Urteil , stages, unlike the story of Genesis and brilliantly, reducing the paradox I call the "paradox of Freud "where this time Father-of the story - denies his son the opportunity to be like him. A father denounces, radically, the first proposal of paradox: "Be like me." In other words, the Father is the antithetical figure of Abraham.

"The Verdict" is constructed in two parts that revolve around a point of disaster on which the action switches to project Georg Bendemann in the river where it runs to enforce the sentence that the father imposed on him.

In the first part, Georg "by a very beautiful Sunday spring morning "thinking of the fate of a friend he has just written to announce her engagement. This friend, exiled, lonely and ill, was "clearly misled" by going abroad and Georg has long been reluctant to write him the happy news because he was afraid of hurting him. At the urging of his fiancée, he it is resolved, and now he has to tell her old bedridden father with whom he has lived since the death of the mother.

But the father, to the astonishment of the son, does not hear it that way. He first diversion "How's it going to St. Petersburg? ", Before insinuating that he doubts such a friendship of her son:" Do you really want a friend in St. Petersburg? "Soon to accuse his son of wanting to deceive, because he says now, the truth" you never had a friend in St. Petersburg. " Georg first tries to divert the conversation, he takes care of his father, carries in her bed and waits for the right moment to return to the office and ask again to verify its memory: - "Is not that you remember him now? "But the father responds with another question and asks his son if he is well covered . The son reassures him: "Be quiet you are well covered . "

At this moment and on this word, Kafka place what Hölderlin called a caesura anti-rhythmic Celan and a" failure of breath, "where time is suspended before rushing to the denouement:

" - No! cried the father by chaining the response on the issue, rejecting coverage (Decke) with such force that she hovered a moment all deployed and standing upright in the bed with just one hand rested lightly on the ceiling. 'You wanted me covered [2] (zugedeckt) I know, darling, but I'm still not covered. And even if these are my last ounce of strength they be enough for you, they will be too much for you. Yes I know your friend. It would be a son after my own heart. That's why you did wrong all these years ... But fortunately a father does not need anyone to pierce his son to date. When you believed to have crashed, so overwhelmed that you could sit behind the top and it would not move, then sir my son decided to marry '. "

In a few words that fall upon him like the roof of the house, George was stripped of his father, his friend, his mother and his work:

"-I'm still the strongest by far. Only maybe I'd have been forced to retreat, but it turns out that your mother gave me strength, that with your friend I found a wonderful alliance, and that your customers I have there in the pocket . "

Georg is faced with the monstrous vision of a combined parent who intends not to cede its authority. He grasped that it no longer has anything of their own. He also understands that his father watched him for many years, awaiting the moment to denounce his evil character of "innocent child" and then pronounce the verdict: death by drowning.

Georg, at this moment, descends the stairs, rushed outside, crosses the bridge parapet and falls into the water "crying in a low voice: 'Dear Parents, however, I've always loved'. "

the night he spent in a state of jubilation contained, to write the story of a soul murder, Kafka has changed Subject . In the act of writing it has caused the death of a young man caught in the tide of black hatred of himself, a young man drowned in the confusion of a destiny imposed from outside. At the same time it gave birth "to a full opening of the soul and body "A new subject.

" I wrote this story in one go, from ten o'clock to six o'clock in the morning, the night of 22 to 23 [September 1912] . I stayed sitting so long that hardly if I withdraw my legs under the table stiff ... "

" This story came out of myself, as in a birth rule, covered with dirt and mucus, and there is only me who's hand can penetrate up at body who feels pleasure. "

Kafka knew the next day he became a writer and nothing could make him deviate from this road that was opened before him that night:

"My terrible fatigue and joy, how the story unfolded before my eyes, I walked by splitting the waves. "

Six months later, June 21, 1913, he noted in his diary that his destiny is to write:

"The world prodigious in my head. But how free myself and free myself without tearing. And a thousand times rather be torn remember that in me or bury [cover] . I'm here for that, I fully appreciate. "

one who is so familiar indecision has ruled. He has noted its difference from his own and took the leap. In a flash, he will have known that neither his father nor his mother had given birth to a child with them free to invent an original score ( "Das Urteil" the title in German Verdict , could translate "the original score), but they offered him a figure imposed.

In this act that took place the night of September 22, 1912, Franz Kafka put to death an image of him that her parents had not considered but pressed on him. Topic yesterday that belonged to the imaginary world of his parents is symbolically killed. After crossing events where the interview is dead, he wins another world where he wears the attributes of man. Here the attributes Franz conquers are not weapons but a pen that opens access to the community of writers.

But Kafka is not only a writer - Max Brod is also - it is also light and from this point of view, "The Verdict" can be read as a variant of the Oedipus tragedy where the hero, before the truth has no alternative but to leave the world of his parents. He himself sang his death and there objected. There will be a poet, witnessed the murder, herald of those who have suffered like him, a soul murder, as Hölderlin, as Pessoa, as Beckett and others.

Thus "a beautiful Sunday morning in spring," Georg asks his father to remember his friend sick, broke, lonely and exiled in a foreign country. But who is this friend?

For us, this figure is that of the battered child that the father was, he can not recognize the host and he objected in his son. In doing so, he objects to his own death and repeats the objection that in expelling his son. Instead of objecting to the death for his son, he expels his son wounded child he carries. (Recall that this friend's beard "can not hide the features that he has known since childhood.") This child bruised, Georg wants household, protect and deal with all the respect he is capable. The son who would be brazen enough to cover de- death that the father wanted to conjure by giving birth to this disaster that he wanted to expel, walnut, giving the day, this son would be justly condemned to die .

Such a father did not give life without condition, it is not a "parent unconditional, and life, he made it through the mandatory condition that the child consents to ally with him to cover the soul murder that child, himself was a victim. When the son of mine would reject this alliance coverage, to deny this limitation [3] who based his paternity, he would become an enemy and should undergo per contropasso punishment identical to the crime he reveals.

When Abraham holds his arm, he gave the trace of the son's death because he took his own death upon him. The gift of signs of death is in the signs that mean to the child that the parent has taken him on his death. Then he gives life to the son, accepts the course of time and pays his debt to the symbolic order, which means he pays his release from the potential space, abandoned the plan at all or nothing, takes up the temporality. He paid his debt for having a son who will one day cover the .

Abraham, because he sacrificed to the being-time interrupts the monstrous Nature where there is no temporality, where there is no third party absent, where there are only "things" present, and where a powerful being at liberty to remove her children before she do not kill the day, became too small, it can no longer deal with them.

With Kafka and Freud we still read in the text when a father, Abraham here, give up to remove the child in distress, that this child was. [In a midrash [4], it is said that when Abraham was about to seize the knife, let his eyes sink tears and tears of the father fell into the eyes of the son]. He would not kill his son with him and eliminate the pain blind he would have charged. He would open his heart and would pledge his memory.

Reading the "Verdict" and the story of Abraham we do understand that the guarantee that the father gives the child is also that this opening to the plight to which a child, he himself itself was exposed. The parent would engage in the relationship to the child, to respond to suffering, and sometimes by the disaster, which was place. Can only cover his son one whose memory is not bankrupt. Not because it is failing but because she pledged would also mobilized to contain, to foreclose a disaster.

The parent, when his debt to a third away is not honored because his memory is all employed to hinder the return of this disaster, then that parent can not take the death on him, but because it is encysted, as advocated in a safe. When the time for him froze on a cut of breath, a death-threat psychic, he can not give evidence because the soul murder that he has suffered, in the dispossessed.

The father of the "Verdict" can not pledge his memory because he can not answer for the murder of the soul that has suffered. Forgetting the murder is for him the founder. This is an event that did not happen . Today, denial of the crime of which he was the object, it does not allow his son to open the back door of the virtual room where rests asleep and bruised, the child he was.

Back to the main theme of the coverage which is the "verdict" as of Atonement. In Chapter XVI of Leviticus - which was read on the day of (Great) Pardon, Yom Kippur - the protocols of the sacrifice of the bull and the goat are described expiatory [5]. One and one is sacrificed to ask God coverage of misconduct by the high priest, and by the people [6]. The three-consonant root word that PRK Kippur is formed, giving, as Jerome Lindon recalls in his book Jonas Kapar the words, "he covered," he has forgiven, but Kaper, this "rendering" which means the substance that covers the inner and outer sides of the Ark of Noah, and finally KaPoReT, the table gold which covers the Ark of the Covenant and on which, and before which, the high priest sprinkled the blood of sacrifice on Yom Kippur [7].

There is still question coverage in the book of Jonah which is also read during the day of Yom Kippur, which incidentally took place on the eve of the memorable night writing the "verdict". Tarshish Jonah chose to join - that is, according to Talmudic commentator, the city of his father - rather than answering the call of God, who instructed him to go to Nineveh to urge residents to return to his ways. Jonah is thrown overboard to calm the storm. Swallowed by the monster he spent time in her womb before being washed ashore and Nineveh to win when he accomplishes his mission. But Nineveh acknowledge their crimes and give them God's forgiveness. Jonah expresses his anger against God who shows such leniency. God raised up a phenomenon for to make clear to Jonas that man can endure when a coverage is withdrawn. It will dry out the tree in one night (a gourd) that he had grown the day before to give shade to Jonah.

When I related this episode to Bernard Maruani text behind the Talmudic study group I'm involved, this story made him recall the ritual immersion in the ritual bath (the Miqveh). To purify the impurity acquired, for example in contact with the dead, the whole body is submerged so that mouth and nose are necessarily closed. This occlusion is related with the section of the esophagus and trachea in ritual slaughter [8]. Immersion symbolizes killing and rebirth of one who has been in contact with a dead man, who was defiled by death.

I think that Franz Kafka was not in contact with a dead but the living dead, certainly. These undead he mentions in his book Third in octavo, October 20, 1917 - but we do not know the year, Kafka knows :

" There are many shades of the departed who are working only to lick the waters of the river of death ... The river rises in disgust, began to sink down and rejects the dead in life. However they are happy, they sing thanksgiving and caress the rebel [9].

Who are the dead who rise up the river of life in disgust. Would that not even those who have suffered a soul murder and that lead their boat to go-as-j'te rickshaws that since the entry of the Styx hit on the rudder will be confused. Thus, for the Father Georg like that of the hunter Gracchus [10]. Such a parent, undead, owes his life to his child and can not be erased. Unlike the good enough mother, he expects the child to take him on his death, gives him a face, give him a shadow, one that has failed him. It never ceases to repeat the crime he ignores have suffered.

Abraham supports the paradox and gives the trace of the death of her son. Father Georg Bendemann him, reduces the paradox of Being by refusing to support, in silence, the position where it means the child "be like your father and do not be like your father." The soul murder is that Kafka describes a scene of a father's desire to resolve the fundamental paradox of life. Paradox which can not be reduced throughout the existence and not only during the period of foster care, as Winnicott says in the postscript he wrote at the end of Game and Reality :

I hypothesize an essential paradox, we must accept and is not intended to be solved. This fundamental paradox in this concept, we must authorize and permit during the period in which care is provided to the child. "

What echoed by Wittgenstein:

" The masks and various mid-pleasing paradox of logic are of interest only because they remind everyone that a serious form of the paradox is that we need to clearly understand its function. "

The function of this figure of the paradox is to provide a background to be. A foundation, one that, in the urgency of the founding of the theory that he was inventing, Freud had given universally to children, which was to say that Winnicott had assumed the issue resolved.

*

Notes :

[1] See, for example, JL Austin, When that is done (1962), trans. fr. 1970, repr. Seuil, coll. "Points Test", 1991. RZ.

[2] Without stress, recall that the couple "cover / uncover", emerging with a strong gender dimension after Adam and Eve ate the fruit "of the tree of knowledge of good and bad "(" And the eyes of both were opened, and they knew they were naked ... " Genesis 3, 7) , was "necessarily" related party with castration as the episode called "Noah's drunkenness," narrated by Genesis 9, 20-27, indicates. RZ.

[3] According to J. Lacan, which is barred symbol (that is to say not "allowed" in the network of unconscious signifiers) reappears in the Real (in the form of delusions or hallucinations). RZ.

[4] Midrash: Rabbinic exegesis, commentary by one or more Bible verses. RZ.

[5] Leviticus XVI, 5-11: 5. [Aaron] shall receive from the congregation of the children of Israel two male goats for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. 6. Aaron shall offer the bull as the sin offering and make atonement for himself and his house. 7. He will take the two goats and present them before the LORD at the entrance to the tent of meeting. 8. Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for Azazel. 9. Aaron shall bring the goat on which the lot fell for Jehovah, and offer it as a sacrifice of atonement. 10. And the goat on which the lot fell for Azazel shall be presented alive before the LORD, that he used to make atonement and be released into the wilderness to Azazel. 11. Aaron shall offer the bull as the sin offering and make atonement for himself and his house ...

[6] Leviticus XVI, 16: And he shall make atonement for the sanctuary from the uncleanness of the children of Israel , their faults and all their sins ...

[7] Jerome Lindon, Jonas , Paris, Minuit, 1955, p. 61.

[8] The Jewish ritual slaughter (or ch'hita ) requires that the animal is slaughtered with a very sharp blade so that it does not suffer and be completely emptied of its blood. RZ.

[9] F. Kafka Notebooks T. VII, trans. Marthe Robert, Paris, Precious Book Club, 1957.

[10] F. Kafka, The Hunter Gracchus , and a Hybrid Bridge (With two drawings of Max Ernst), Paris, Editions Guy Levis Mano, 1970.

Giving evidence of the death or commit suicide (2) © copyright 2010 Philip Réfabert

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What happiness!

And here is launched!
I'm talking about my show as a duet with the talented and wonderful Antonia of rending: "For the price of one?"

Antonia , we know long time but had never really worked together. It is doing voice dubbing for Arte several times over the past two years that wanted to play together we came. We started writing sketches in a duet for "Folded to 4" on France 4. To re see skits on the videowall is the right of the screen) Then The Iliad of Illkirch (near Strasbourg) offers us a home on 4, 5 and May 6 and go! In December, three evenings were already complete without commercials (thank you subscribers The Iliad).

Yesterday was the first in a blast and we as the audience, I hope ... two more but for sure this show is not about to stop there.
Thanks again to Eric Roumestan for his valuable advice "magic" to senior Vergara
for the soundtrack and of course Celine D'Aboukir which was staging the show as a trainer of wild beasts against the two that we are ...

Does Chickenpox Affect Menses

Giving evidence to the death or commit suicide (I)

In Fields of reflection, Champs Libres, in partnership with the Society of Philosophy Breton (represented by Nathalie Monnin, Patricia and Denis Heulot-Limido Kermen) held in Rennes, in late January 2010, a series of lectures around the theme: "You shalt not kill. "

Réfabert Philippe, a psychoanalyst who le11èmeblog often opened his space (see, for example, In normal psychosis or the ability to reverse transfer I and II , posted 12 and May 16, 2008), intervened on 30 January, after having spoken with the ex officio director of the Centre Sevres, the theologian Paul Valadier.

be found below its communication. RZ

*

[Here is the plan of the talk:]

1) I will do a reading of Isaac ligation [1] as the story reads, under which a paradoxical founder. The story, well known to recount one hand, the magnanimity of Abraham and Isaac and secondly the miracle of divine intervention that interrupts this cruel ordeal, can also be read as the narrative where sees a father support the paradoxical "kill and not kill." The situation thus created father and son escape, as escape stairs, offering a ram as a sacrifice to God. This symbolization of the imaginary father's murder leads to the succession of generations and the coexistence of father and son. Such a father donated the trace of the death of her son.

2) In opposition to this account I will discuss the clinical psychoanalytic soul murder. One where the child is facing a paradoxical explicit. "I want him to want to learn," I want him to be spontaneous "I've offered two ties, one yellow and one blue, you put the blue tie, you do not like your mother" all orders that are all double-binds that freeze the child immediately if a witness does not denounce the trap is so tight. The soul murder is also this event where a child suffers a blow as he did not remember because its enrollment opportunities were transiently psychic annihilated. At the moment it was as dead mentally. To illustrate this clinic soul murder I repeat the story by Kafka called "The Verdict" [2] where I read the antithesis of the ligation of Isaac. Where a father kills the son. He bruised the soul of her son.

*

I want with Winnicott [3] and Freud the figure of the paradox is consistent with the existence, that it is innate. For Winnicott - and for this reason that I start with him - the figure of paradox characterizes potential space where the child and the person who acts as the maternal relationship. A special relationship since the "good enough mother" [4] is the one with the breast (or bottle) when and where the child can create. This is a major contribution to psychoanalytic thought Winnicott. Here's womb is first part of the child and mother "good enough" is one that gives the child the illusion - vital - that is within him, a breast perceived by him as he "has been created right here and now." As for the mother, she "gives milk to a child who is part of itself."

This area of illusion is a neutral area of experience where the child has the ability to play and create. As for the transitional object, that object simultaneously me and not me, it is he who comes to embody the area of illusion where the principle of excluded middle does not progress [5]. This area, preserved throughout the life of the individual, will continue in the field of creation, be it technical, scientific or artistic. The transitional object, we can say it is the location of an agreement between parent and child that he did not asked if this object he has designed himself, or if it was introduced from outside. The key, says Winnicott, is to expect no decision on this point and, more importantly, "never to formulate the question" (The question is Not To Be Formulated) .

It is the same image and breast cancer. When the good enough mother watches her infant, she eats ... [Eye] and do not eat. This couple eating / not eating is not resolved but escapes, and this in the image formation is the mother of the child. It is in the maternal gaze that the child is reflected and creates the image of himself. My image is mine to have transited through the other breast. If the mother is clutching her defenses, if applied to prevent the recurrence of a traumatic experience, if it is divorced from experience that the based, then the child sees. And he sees what? The mother's face, objectively. Such a child is deprived of the ability to play to create his own image. It is such experiences that reminds the schizophrenic girl who looks in vain in the mirror a reflection of his face.

Each part of the psycho-physical entity exists to have been libidinal investment by the other, have been seen, welcomed and reflected by the other, the other breast.

Clinical Illustration

A colleague analyst who works in a day hospital told me that a scene can be read as an illustration clinic this trial. He spoke of a girl aged 13-14 who were separated because of wet wraps. This child, whose gaze plateau, which stereotypies, who self-injures and swallowed his food more than it eats, when she urine, it is certainly the most often in the toilet but beside the bowl. One day, during a wrap requires it to urinate into the bowl where caregivers moisten the sheets. After concerted quickly they accept. From that day she has not urinated in the toilet anyway. She created the wet pack suited him. She had captured his urine.

That is to say the urine, like any body part, pertain to the ego as having been received by the other. Any object to become my own must have been well received as a gift and returned. Nothing that I can not own without being found in another place, without having been returned by the other. Radical dependence on each other to belong to themselves, of their own. Here we refer to the continent of Levinas' thought in a way that extends that Freud abandoned after it discovered [6].

II clinical illustration

Hortense under this name I designate an analysis in which hatred, the desire to kill, had not found a place in another psychic, did not find any entry in it. For several weeks with two sessions per week, Hortense had held face-to-face position in a quiet and sullen, refusing all interventions of the analyst and his invitations to speak.

Everything he said was challenged or ridiculed. He wanted to send him to hell and for entire sessions defended himself as best he could to test feeling very uncomfortable, all-in-fact unspeakable, a feeling that is summed up by the phrase "it is to kill."

He tried for two weeks which could feed him such a feeling. Until he could tell him - and he is also failing - it made him feel hatred. He does not remember what formula he used, he thinks he first said: "You make me feel hatred" or "someone feels hatred for someone." What was his surprise to see the face of Hortense lighting a smile that he had not seen in years. "Finally someone who dares to tell me. I see that I raise this feeling wherever I go. "

In this sequence the analyst had donated - a gift to pay its price - the ability to appoint a feeling that had no right to existence with his parents. Hortense on his side, later, by interviewing the relatives of the family learned she had been fed to the funnel until later in childhood after the birth of a baby sister. For several months she refused to eat and had been force-fed.

The vow to kill the little sister had been banned. It had been formed because they can be thought or said. The motion was psycho-physical form of sensation remained, translation prohibited. Forbidden history. Her parents had opposed a plea in bar to calls that the child was fed to his feelings towards his sister are welcomed.

*

The paradoxical "kill and not kill," disguised as a test where a father is called to sacrifice his beloved son, is a replica of the original injunction contained by YHWH in the guise of original sin. Eat from any tree in the garden and not eat the tree of knowledge of good and bad [7], tree included in the set of "all trees" and which should therefore eat and not to eat.

There, on Mount Moriah, the instance Paradoxically, that the universe Roman-Christian name means "God" asks Abraham to kill his son Isaac: "do mount a holocaust," and not to kill "does not send your hand on the and boy do anything to him. " The price of escape is twofold: firstly pay Abraham himself, he suffers on the other hand, it offers a ram. The ram comes in metaphor, in meaningful, is an adult animal. As this sacrifice symbolizes the father's murder fantasy where one can recognize the father of the primal horde the story of Freud [8]. Abraham was one who sacrifices his omnipotence, the unlimited nature of his power, and accept the succession of generations, that gives body to temporality. It gives a symbolic trace of the death of Isaac's death by giving the imaginary father he carries within him [9].

Freud, the paradoxical figure of the original is far from the origin, time of resolution of the Oedipus complex. It was so throughout the history of science where the founder is located far from home and left his successors to approach it, as in astrophysics that approach the big bang . Thus in the corpus of Freud this paradoxical figure finds its clearest formulation in The Ego and the Id, in 1923. It reads: "You have to be true (and father), [and] you must not be true (and father)." You have to be like him, you must have all its qualities and you must not claim her husband as his wife, your mother. conjunction "and" be found here in the same place as in the original paradox "of all trees and you eat from the tree of knowledge [...] you shall not eat." So that the child has the opportunity to play at being like his father, the husband of his mother before him is revealed the impossibility of being.

Not the ban but impossible. The key here again is that the prohibition is not made to the child but it is revealed to him. The ban can not be made because "what can be shown can not be said" as stated in Wittgenstein's Tractatus . The ban is not asked, but if conditions are satisfied, if both parents have supported their position, that is to say, they have protected the area of illusion where there is another principle than that of the excluded, the child has an opportunity to escape and appropriate a singularity son, s'intriquent position where continuity and discontinuity. It is a different and and at the same time similar.

continued ...

Notes :

[1] [About Genesis 22 where Abraham is tested by God and commissioned to provide his son Isaac as a holocaust, Jewish tradition does not mean "sacrifice" (which reads the influence of the Christian reading of scripture that identifies the ram, the Passover lamb and Jesus) but of "ligature" (Hebrew Akeda ): Isaac was bound Certainly, but he was spared, as we know. RZ. ]

[2] [F. Kafka The Verdict ( Das Urteil ) 1913 , tr. Fr Pierre and Pierre Klossowski Leyris, Bifur No. 5, 1930. RZ]

[3] [ Donald W. Winnicott (1896-1971), pediatrician, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst UK, author of process of maturation in children (1965) and Playing and Reality, potential space (1971). He is the highlight of the transitional space, potential space located between the baby and mother, and the transitional object held inside / outside (the "security blanket" for example) and allows the child to "tame" the world. RZ ]

[4] [Name a book published in 1953 Winnicott, T he good-Enough Mother . RZ ]

[5] [ P rinciple of excluded middle : two contrary propositions If one is true, the other is necessarily false, and vice versa. RZ ]

[6] Read on this subject: Monique Schneider, "The proximity to Levinas and Nebenmensch Freudian in Emmanuel Levinas, Les Cahiers de l'Herne, Editions de l'Herne, Paris, 1991.

[7] Genesis 2: 9: "He pushed the ground all kinds of trees to look nice and delicious fruit. He placed in the center of the garden the tree of life, and the tree that gives knowledge of what is good or bad. "

[8] Cf . S. Freud Totem and Taboo (1913). In this story no father is killed but a leader of the horde. The next day the brothers refer to as the "father", posthumously.

[9] The fact that the animal is sacrificed a ram , an adult sheep, not a lamb, leads me to ask that, contrary to the views of readers and pressed fond difference trench, Jewish tradition knows this Freud theorized that in the guise of "killing the father." It supports without explicitly stating, as "good enough mother" in Winnicott maintains the illusion that creates the child never make "the" truth.

give the trace of the death or commit suicide (I) © copyright 2010 Philip Réfabert