For the "mouth" of the "buddy Duboin 'anger at the" injustice " clearly expressed.
That's what I call above: [San Antonio as] figure-screen for the author.
*
III .- Conjectures
" Life is a tragedy for those who feel and a comedy for those who think "
Horace Walpole
I will now deal [San Antonio as] FIG reconciliation for readers, and take the opportunity to try to answer the question of the symposium, San Antonio and French culture that I heard asking: "What is the square of San Antonio in French culture? .
a) Why San Antonio?
In 1949, the war is still very close, which saw the French army swept in Dunkirk, the sinking of the old angel chosen by a board resigned long been an almost cult People, Occupation, Collaboration, Laval, Bousquet, Leguay Darnand, particularly the zeal of the French police in the hunt for Gaullists, communists, resisters, and Jews - expanded children that the occupier did not necessarily - the OCC, the black market and its soundtrack (butter, eggs and cheese) prosperous, crows with a fertile imagination and their millions of letters of denunciation, which saw Ouradour-sur-Glane, saw a small rise number of resistant and rare communities or individuals behave heroically. All things obviously well known, that they forgive me oversimplified in the extreme I have to respect that about us.
Submitted to rationing and discomfort, difficulty digesting with incomprehension and often they are accused of having followed their leaders failed (Daladier, Marshal ...) while they were away glories far, the French "the best" suffer and suffer. Become all or substantially Gaullists - prudence and / or appreciation constraint, since the general declared that "only a few thousand individuals were guilty of collaboration - what they expect their (re-) will really morale, who will return them a less miserable for themselves ...
Posed differently, in that post-traumatic blow, "a sentence" is trying to say that this situation and allows new sequences [1]. More exactly, France from above, at least those who believe in part (notables, intellectuals, officials, etc..) "Wants" a phrase saying this, place the reasons and provide the arguments of argument. This sentence is the right literary will articulate, especially those that Frank Bernard called the "Hussars" [2]: Roger Nimier, Antoine Blondin, Jacques Laurent, which will be added including Michel Deon, Kleber Haedens and Felicien Marceau, writers approach a certain nonchalance, a kind of aristocratic individualism and cons Sartre's refusal of political engagement - to put it quickly and badly.
These writers, who will soon find a place in the literary world will ensure the heyday of the editions of the Round Table, Grasset and Denoël, primarily, but also Gallimard. Gallimard which to redeem themselves in some sort of letting New reappear France French under the Occupation [3] founded in 1945 a collection of detective novels and spy host of "wogs", Gaullists, Communists, Jews and anarchists, the Black Series , directed by Marcel Duhamel, who will host these authors mainly English and U.S. [4], maligned and banned from the previous period. With the Series black, the greed, violence, sex and slang will make their entrance, duly authorized in the "great" French literature.
, France from below (peasants, artisans, employees, Hunters [5], fishermen, those whose speech is hesitant, ill at ease when they are not in a group [6]), fed on frozen images and phrases - Catholic tradition requires that distinguishes between the clergy who read and reason abstractly and illeterati , who are made "beautiful" pictures, nice to be equipped with these elements that facilitate the identification (the crown for the king, lacrosse for the bishop, his beard for significant, high-hat to the gentleman-burglar, the anarchist bomb, knife-between-the-teeth for the Bolshevik, etc..) that can engage in edifying stories - she "wants" this situation is figured : to escape and forget to build more than excuses, justifications or any argument and has, first, a problem of identity .
This figuration, it is the writers 'popular' that happen: Rene Fallet, for example, and San Antonio (published by Black River, which is not - need I say ? - at the same level as the black Series), because of its great and rapid success, in my opinion, France from below (mainly male [7]), Gallic willingly, recognizing quickly enough in these patched Musketeers, walking to the instinct and the system D, do not worry about good manners, troussent women on about more - more out of vanity although a taste [8] -, flay the language just as it [9], without order or claim, that principles (soft!), have managed not to compromise with the collaboration (we do not know yet well what did the Old, and Pinaud Bérurier in this period), feel sorry love for their country and skeptical, are the heart (!) above money (...) The following Leader and obey him ...
" - San Antonio, I just left Sir ...
Pompous, boss ... Sir! Nothing much ... This is even funnier than the Minister said, everyone calls him Dudule in Services ...
- Oh really?
- Yes.
- Order to cover it at all costs. A scandal of this magnitude would be disastrous to the prestige of our country!
I can not help but laugh:
- The prestige of our country! There is more to it closely, the poor!
- What do you say, San Antonio!
- The Truth! If you go abroad, like me, Chief, you'd see that beyond our borders, we feel sorry for ourselves. We complained to the colonial cause of our misfortunes, our politicians and our frank lose weight at full speed ... We do not have the H-bomb! All that remains for us is the Cancan, Burgundy and the Cote d'Azur ... More Paris, thankfully! ... You will say it is better to produce the champagne and having women make love knowing that being good at the human torpedo, it's true ... But still, we live in an age where materialism is king, where there is more money than the nobility. Boussac [10] replaced the Count of Paris ... When we receive a head of state, he did visit the same day the palace of Versailles and the Renault factories, as if they were two high places of our history! We want to save face, then we'd better save the day, do not you think?
He looks at me, interested. Then he starts playing the "March of the Grenadiers of the Emperor" with his cutter.
- San Antonio, I do not think we're not paid to think ... [11].
b) Frédéric Dard against San Antonio
I imagine this: the sentence of justification / salvation which I am assuming it needs to be known / figured after the two e World War, it "is" is looking for artisans able to articulate / to paint the best - in less "mystical", we say that many have tried and those who have succeeded in fulfilling of the task were to origin, the most gifted.
And talented, Frederic Dard is evidence, first in his own eyes ... Also - here, I have reconstructed without any reliance on testimony other than that What do the "San Antonio" - when he is "visited" when the disembodied demand falls on him, he is certainly pleased to have a beginning of inspiration but he can not bear to be divested , who has a work to build and recognize. Instead of getting carried away and follow up on what he expected and received without really believing it, it resists , draws his characters with reluctance, delay their meeting, contradicts himself, load, send stories, written without care, even if its claim as intentional creations approximations (as we know, we never cease to praise the "language" of San Antonio, thereafter), in short do not "found" not in its "creation" [12 ]. Despite this, precisely because he is talented, appealing characters, finds language make us smile, and novels are selling more and more ...
He resists, he defends himself: he does not, as we said, like it confused with its flagship character, and he wants to be known, it was also stressed, it is better than "it." But nothing works And these distinctions, these protests are credited to the person who signs "San Antonio", which wins in humor and distancing - he is no fool! - such is the absorption capacity of the formidable machine that sorcerer's apprentice has started. And that success can not be denied and he likes both sorry. Poisoned chalice. He is depressed:
" What's cool in cemeteries is that they are away from population centers, in corners cushy, all that there are silent.
is behind those walls, shaded by willows are the whiners that really build the Villa Mon Repos''''or''cottage Sam'Suffit''...
Five square meters of cement and you're set up with onions, like popes, Gnac! More drafts returned more than command by a bailiff, over Loys Van Du on your TV screens, more peacekeepers ... The peace we have at last! The owl, the immense, the total! We strap her slippers for eternity and we let rot slowly, as Good fellows, without worrying if your chick is Calc or if there are traces of lipstick on your pants! The nasties of life does not pass the rusty gate, as part of a drama critic does not pass the test! It's comforting to think, the small hole cheap. Of course, as Bunting said, it takes you an exorbitant price for you spinning in the clay, but then the outlay is quickly recovered! More gas bills and electricity bills more pernicious, more creditors! It installs a small portable lab, it is distributed, really suddenly generous, including the most radinus! And I'll refile nitrogen to my good old dandelion to top! And I leave my little phosphorus rose dwarf my widow stuck in a moment of madness! The gift of his person! You bet: the nature! Gentlemen maggots, shoot first! Pull your bunches of this brave body that was so cumbersome sometimes, so hard to cram in what people call serious: the Company, and others: that bitch of life!
I meditate deeply, as you can see ... [13].
He defends it against attack; these escapades philosophers and multiply "addresses the reader, the invective against him [14], who thought he could innocently indulge the pleasure of identification" rewarding " and complicity, which stubbornly refuses to understand that San Antonio is only the shadow of an authentic author, take on new relevance:
" ... That's the true original sin. The men, they always build a novel with their pathetic existence. They have the certainty that it is exciting. They do not understand that they are tarter everyone and those who listen to them just getting ready to tell theirs.
The story of a man, you're talking about an epic ! A woman, a chef, a collector to which one submits ! Kids slap it ! A pox that treats ! We wipe the tears ... [15].
" For example, the circus, when you attend the number of man-torpedo you always think it's going to break the drawer ... You're there, open up and down for not missing a beat, and each time the successful Gnac number. Still, you play a day in your usual mushy it has dismantled the Vendome column somewhere overseas and you feel a great sadness. Yes, you are sad at not being there when his number finally fair. You see as a dirty trick of fate to you. And you're right. Chance is disgusting to you. Since you are in the world, it makes you miss the wins. You always miss the faithful wife, the bulk Lot, advancement ... You only shameful syphilis, the Croix de Guerre, the chicks that are free admission to your friends and movies Martine Carol [16] ... That's life ... [17].
" The world is full of impressionable people, all ready to spin their contemporaries in mouscaille for thirty pieces of silver or a mandala that matters ... Not just weak, but bastards ...
Especially not think that I am skeptical. Instead ... If you think I'll stuff up the slack with a device to seal the bottles of mineral water, count on your ten fingers unfortunate how many friends you have secure ... True friends, those who can take you ten bags without changing and without sidewalk after proclaiming everywhere that there is no difference between you and a garbage slum ! You'll find that you'll have ten fingers on rab ... [18].
He hoped to escape his condition and its limitations, this reader, his inglorious attitudes and behavior cramped in his mediocrity, to be honest ... but there will be reduced. And continue to laugh, because he does not like him but "knows" - sure sign of denial - as burghers of the seventeenth century e attending a performance of Bourgeois Gentilhomme-, it is only a question of other on stage ...
And so, in excess excesses quickly assimilated by the powerful narrative machine cobbled novel after novel, and despite the wishes of the "machinist", San Antonio, master of the vignette, description of the murders and mockery, less of the story that is rarely "searched", will become a major France's literary voices from below, which earned him - after several decades - an undisputed place, but back in our cultural pantheon.
IV .- Conclusion
It is brief and somewhat melancholy retrospect, considering the fortune insolent - 175 novels! - And the growing audience of San Antonio that first little loved, one could say that Frederic Dard was gradually consumed by his "creature" that "she" was relegated to a kind and eventually absorb it, leaving him no time to produce work that could earn him the Goncourt, for example.
I conclude with a few reminders about the Hussars.
Nimier wrote D'Artagnan love or five years before [19], published after his death, proving - if proof were needed - that he also frequented the Musketeers.
Blondin, big alcohol (!) Bullfighter and urban, has long been one of those sports journalists including San Antonio continues to mock the agreed style and expression poor and he has followed a half-dozen Olympic and nearly thirty Tour de France for the daily Team - that great literary representative of the right does not disdain sports "plebeians" ...
But Jacques Laurent had, somehow, the course dreamed up by Frederic Dard. Journalist, polemicist, prolific writer, essayist, director of magazine, Jacques Laurent has shown in the literature "serious" was the Goncourt in 1971 with the nonsense , from the whole of his work culminated in the Great price of the French Academy in 1973 and was elected in 1986 to the French Academy, where he succeeded the historian Fernand Braudel. Meanwhile, he also touched on the lighter literature, often for reasons of "food", writing under various pseudonyms of romance novels, police, and historical (the most famous being the darling Carolina, signed Cecil Saint-Laurent that will be translated into several languages and adapted for the cinema). In 1988 he published an essay, his latest, The French cage (Grasset), in which it takes " overzealous police officers deployed by the language when they are given the opportunity to condemn " [20] ...
Notes:
[1] I borrow "savagely" this terminology to Jean-Francois Lyotard, The Dispute , Paris Minuit, 1983.
[2] Bernard Frank, "the Grunts and the Hussars," Modern Times , December 1952.
[3] After seeing his catalog consequently censored, Gaston Gallimard, violently attacked by the collaborationist press, agreed to let en1940 NRF reappear under the direction of Drieu la Rochelle (former member of Doriot's PPF) which said fascist and Jean Pauhlan, writer and resistant "[Otto ] Abetz [German ambassador] told Drieu from the month of August [1940] as if it were a literary magazine, he would give any protection and freedom and that it would censor its only ... After some hesitation, accepts Drieu the direction of the French Nouvelle Revue which had ceased publication in June. He notes in his notebook a list of writers in prison with this statement:''Demand the release of authors - consideration of my journalistic work NRF. " '", Frederick J. Grover, Drieu la Rochelle , Paris, Gallimard, 1979 47.
[4] Not without truncating, sometimes substantially, by eliminating whole chapters: one can refer to BiLiPo (Library of crime fiction, Paris) books in VO Marcel Duhamel, where the parties to omit are crossed out of his hand ... The most famous of these victims is Raymond Chandler which The Long Good-Bye has been translated under the ridiculous name of "On an air of navaja, losing nearly half its pages - the paper shortage in the aftermath war does not explain everything. It was not until 1992 that the Black / Gallimard offers a complete translation of this book in French-speaking reader.
[5] " ... Without wanting to, we arrived in full fair throne [...]
I proposed a box to Hector and he accepted [...] it was made the suitcase when for the fourth consecutive time he swung his hat in the bastos the boss ... The showman [...] talked to call the Emergency Police ... He might climb the walls after the cousin Hector persisted in his blistering shot him in the bun! We understood why when we realized he did not close the right eye to aim. .. "San Antonio, wire sliced bread , op. cit. , pp. 14-15.
[6] Actually, it's more a feeling , the membership (which does not "explain" either the profession or the level of income or political opinion) that the sociology which "constitutes" This France which, rightly or wrongly, considers does not weigh against the Power.
[7] Do not forget, and the report was not so long ago that the French vote is due to an order of April 21, 1944 decision by the Provisional Government of General de Gaulle, Algiers and the French will vote for the first time on April 29, 1945. As for the consequences of sex "free" ... Contraception will be legalized in 1972 (Act Neuwirth) and abortion in certain circumstances, will be decriminalized in January 1975 (Veil law).
- Need we recall that in none of the novels of San Antonio belonging to the period that I look, never a sexual overflow would result in an "accident" as it has long called pregnancy unwanted?
[8] " It's amazing what a normal man can kit chicks in his life! Large, small, lame [sic], the postmistress, the squinting, the frigid, other ... Life! Life with this endless sequel of mice that we should move the composter if wants to look like a man. And all men like to have the air of a man, including those who walk to the English fly and those who walk in the processions of Corpus Christi.
Poor us ... , San Antonio, The wire sliced bread , op. cit. , P. 79.
[9] Note to linguists: speak "evil" (syntax and / or glossary) while making it clear not only exploit one of the possibilities that offers language system at a given time, it immediately appoint its social inclusion / categorical or "ethnic", and possibly reduce the weight of his statement when he is sent to a speaker speaking "good" - what linguists have any reason to hold for secondary in terms of their descriptions, but they can not ignore. Speak 'evil' can also make people laugh, for example, or move when it comes to a young child, and speak "good" icing: the deviation from the norm, because there are a known for any language, a number of native speakers, adding to the affect that meaning out, I think he the strictly linguistic, especially here, we talk about literature and not communication ...
[10] Marcel Boussac (1889-1980), textile manufacturer (The Web of plane) and breeder of racehorses.
" Under the Occupation, he is a member of the National Council set up by Vichy. His good relations with many senior officers and with the German minister of industrial production of Vichy, Jean Bichelonne, he saves his plants and even the Germans decided to equip them with brand new looms. It provides and the Kriegsmarine: 110 million meters of fabrics from its factories (Benedict and David Collombat Servenay, Secret History of employers from 1945 to today , Paris, La Découverte, 2009, p. 41) [... ]
An instruction is open to collaboration with the Liberation, but will be terminated without suites July 2, 1947. Thus, it is not disturbed by the treatment, including thanks to the appreciation of the deportation of survivors who discover that their salaries were paid dutifully for their families. It urges Christian Dior and contributes significantly to what Paris once again become the capital of fashion ... ", Wikipedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Boussac
[11] San Antonio , The open secret , Black River No. 143, 1958, pp. 112-114 - emphasis added.
[12] Incident Nietzschean " ... this is also related to gasoline - the self as source of full information, and that even this knowledge did nothing intellectual - who explains that once the creation accomplished, once the work done, when the visible result, the designer starts to see what he did - what was done - sometimes with astonishment, or wonder if, or perhaps same horror in any case always with some surprise, as if for the first time he discovered what was thought of her body and shaped by the strength of mind, "Paul Audi Create Introduction the aesthetic / ethical , Lagrasse Verdier, 2010, pp. 142-143 - emphasis added.
[13] San Antonio, I have the honor ... you stumble, op. cit., pp. 146-147 - emphasis added.
[14] For example: "... You can not illico dip because there is the width of the Pacific Ocean between you and the intellect, but I'll try to put myself in your scope ... "San Antonio, wire sliced bread , op. cit. , P. 9.
[15] San Antonio, chickweed to be , Black River No. 81, 1955, p. 92.
[16] Marie-Louise Mourer said Martine Carol (1920-1967), an actress famous for her beauty and for having played on the screen the character darling Caroline, founded by Cecil Saint-Laurent.
[17] San Antonio, chickweed to be , op. cit. , pp. 156-157 - emphasis added.
[18] San Antonio, Watch out for your bones , Black River 90, 1956, p. 105 - emphasis added.
[19] Paris, Gallimard, 1962.
[20] According to Wikipedia, fr.wikipedia.org / wiki / Jacques_Laurent
San Antonio: Self-portraits (mixed) 3 © copyright 2010 Richard Zrehen
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